Privacy Protection and Management in Logistics Supply Chains Based on Blockchain Technology and Encryption Algorithms

To deal with the issues of data privacy leakage and low collaborative management efficiency in the digitalization of logistics supply chains, this study proposes a privacy protection method integrating blockchain technology and attribute-based encryption, along with a multi-blockchain collaborative management system. The method achieves Fine-Grained Access Control (FGAC) and secure sharing of logistics data through a hierarchical blockchain architecture and an attribute-based encryption mechanism supporting dynamic revocation. The system adopts a dual-chain model with a logistics mainchain and a regulatory blockchain, utilizing smart contracts for business execution and audit supervision collaboration. Results show that under 35 attribute conditions, encryption and decryption times are 41.5 ms and 33.0 ms respectively, outperforming comparative algorithms. For a 64 MB file, encryption and decryption times are 234.1 ms and 199.1 ms. In high-concurrency scenarios, the system achieves read and write throughput rates of 342 TPS and 252 TPS. The proposed system demonstrates a throughput of 449 TPS under high load, with transaction confirmation latency of 116.9 ms. Data compression ratio reaches 39.8%, audit accuracy improves to 98.7%, and cross-chain transaction success rate reaches 97.6%. The research results indicate that the designed system exhibits significant merits in privacy protection, processing efficiency, and cross-chain collaboration. Its core security advantage stems from the fine-grained dynamic revocable access control implemented by CP-ABE technology, which effectively curbs unauthorized data access. At the same time, it adopts an elastic dual-chain architecture reinforced by a node rotation mechanism based on verifiable random functions, which can resist collusion attacks and 51% attacks by regulators. This provides an effective solution for building a trusted and efficient digital logistics supply chain.