Investigating marine venoms: anticancer effects of Aurelia aurita on colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting migration, invasion, and proliferation

Abstract Background and aim Aurelia aurita is a marine invertebrate rich in bioactive proteins and peptides with therapeutic potential, yet its anticancer properties remain insufficiently explored. This study investigated the cytotoxic, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects of A. aurita venom-derived protein cocktails on colorectal cancer cells. Experimental approach Protein cocktails were isolated from the umbrella and oral arms of A. aurita. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assays on normal colon epithelial (CCD841CON) and colorectal cancer (WiDr, HT29) cell lines. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using wound healing and 3D Matrigel-based invasion assays. Key findings The oral arms-derived protein cocktail selectively reduced proliferation in WiDr and HT29 cells (IC₅。: 271.26 and 142.54 µg/mL), without affecting CCD841CON cells. Migration and invasion were significantly suppressed in cancer cells, while normal epithelial cells were unaffected. Conclusion Oral arms-derived venom proteins from A. aurita demonstrate selective cytotoxic and anti-invasive effects on colorectal cancer cells, indicating potential as a natural anticancer agent. IMPACT STATEMENT Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and the need for novel therapeutic agents is urgent. This study explores the anticancer potential of venom derived from the jellyfish Aurelia aurita and demonstrates its inhibitory effects on the growth, migration, and colony formation abilities of colon cancer cells. By identifying bioactive components with selective cytotoxic properties, this research provides a scientific foundation for the potential development of marine-derived compounds as innovative therapeutic strategies in colorectal cancer treatment. Graphical Abstract