Numerical Investigation of MHD Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer with Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Sheet Incorporating Porous Medium and Joule Heating Effects

This study presents a numerical investigation of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer behavior of a Casson hybrid nanofluid over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet embedded in a porous medium, incorporating the effects of Joule heating. The hybrid nanofluid, consisting of two distinct nanoparticles dispersed in a base fluid, is analyzed for its enhanced thermal and flow properties under the influence of magnetic fields. The effects of key parameters, such as the Casson parameter, magnetic field strength, permeability of the porous medium, Eckert number, and suction/injection at the stretching/shrinking sheet surface, are thoroughly examined. The governing equations of continuity, momentum, and energy are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and are solved numerically. Dual branches are obtained in specific ranges of parameter. Beyond the critical points no branches solutions are obtained. The results reveal that the Joule heating significantly impacts the temperature profile, while the porous medium parameter reduces fluid velocity and temperature. Furthermore, the hybrid nanofluid exhibits enhanced heat transfer characteristics compared to conventional fluids. This study provides valuable insights into the combined effects of magnetic fields, porous media, and Casson fluid behavior on hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer, with potential applications in industrial processes, energy systems, and thermal management technologies.