The grand tour: a multi-analytical journey into the Palmela amphora of Panathenaic shape

The Greek vase collection of the Duke of Palmela arrived in Portugal around 1834 and included the only (pseudo-)Panathenaic amphora in a Portuguese collection. The European art market was flourishing but so were restorations, copies, and forgeries. After acquiring this vessel, the MNA decided to examine it technically. Authenticity issues were raised by computed tomography imagery and material analysis. Distinct analytical techniques confirmed the modernity of the extensive overlayers. However, recent ultraviolet induced visible fluorescence imaging suggests some areas may be black glass-ceramic – an ancient technique only rediscovered in 1942. In light of the latest evidence, it is argued that further testing will be required to clarify if this is an ancient vessel with extensive overlayers of modern interventions or a completely modern product. The archaeological and historical interest of this vessel renders it of particular value to critically reflect on distinct analytical techniques, restoration practices, and antiques collecting.