Aetiological Description of Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Construction of a Clinical Prediction Model: A Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the aetiology and risk factors of urinary tract infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS The clinical data of patients with T2DM treated in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into the infection group and control group based on the occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI). The incidence and risk factors of T2DM associated with UTI were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to establish a risk prediction model, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. All patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3 to evaluate the stability of the prediction model.

RESULTS This study comprised 269 patients with T2DM, of whom 50 had UTI, resulting in an incidence rate of 18.59%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of diabetes and levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and albumin (ALB) were independent risk factors for T2DM complicated by UTI (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the training set was 0.806 (95% CI 0.723-0.888), the specificity was 0.845 and the sensitivity was 0.833. In the validation set, the area under the ROC curve was 0.877 (95% CI 0.793-0.960), the specificity was 0.829 and the sensitivity was 0.882. The calibration curve indicated that the prediction curve fit well with the ideal curve (45-degree diagonal). This suggested a strong correlation between the predicted and actual probabilities, indicating a good model.

CONCLUSIONS Duration of diabetes and levels of HbA1c, SGLT2 inhibitor and ALB may be independent risk factors for UTI in patients with T2DM. These indicators should be monitored in clinical practice to prevent UTIs.