Effect of liquid depth on heat and mass transfer in a circular cylinder during sloshing

Mass transfer across the interface of liquid and vapor in a cylindrical container of 100 mm diameter subjected to horizontal oscillation at different liquid depths has been investigated experimentally in the present study. Effect of forcing amplitude and frequency encompassing various flow regimes, viz., planar, chaotic, and swirl, which is observed in (1, 1) asymmetric mode, is the primary focus of the present study. Three frequencies are considered, which are ω<sub><i>f</i></sub>/ω<sub>11</sub> equal to 0.96, 1.00, and 1.02, respectively. Here, ω<sub><i>f</i></sub> is the wave frequency and ω<sub>11</sub> is the natural frequency of that mode. All the experiments are conducted with n-pentane starting with active pressurization followed by a small relaxation period and then sloshing. When the liquid depth reduces, increased internal damping and wave damping affect the natural frequency and wave amplitude, which eventually reduces the sloshing Reynolds number. The objective of the present study is to test the validity of mass-transfer correlation of sloshing Reynolds number (Re<sub>s</sub>, based on frequency of forcing and wave amplitude) and sloshing Nusselt number (Nu<sub>s</sub>) at low liquid depth. Consequently, pressure variation with time at different liquid depths shows keeping all other parameters the same pressure changes magnitude decreases with decrease in liquid depth. This study reveals that swirl causes maximum drop in pressure in a pressurized vessel while, for planar wave, it is minimum. Increasing value of Re<sub>s</sub>, has a substantial impact of pressure change and heat transfer. Nu<sub>s</sub>, which is calculated based on that modified diffusion coefficient shows a power-law variation with Re<sub>s</sub>.