Unpacking the ‘child-centred’ myth: creating truly inclusive playgrounds in urban spaces

This study examines how entrenched design habits constrain inclusivity in urban playgrounds in high-density cities like Hong Kong. Using the Tuen Mun Park Inclusive Playground as a case, it proposes a dual-path framework that links stakeholder engagement with GIS-based SOPARC behavioural observation (implemented using QGIS 3.38, Grenoble) to diagnose behaviour-space mismatches. Findings reveal under-supported needs among caregivers and other peripheral users, alongside uneven activation of designated supportive zones. A case-based Behaviour-Space-Design (BSD) mapping matrix translates these patterns into actionable spatial strategies. The dual-path framework offers a recursive, transferable approach for evaluating and optimizing inclusive public play spaces.