Analysis of the influence of selected powertrain design parameters on fuel consumption in passenger vehicles

In view of increasingly stringent environmental requirements and global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is becoming increasingly important to identify the design factors of powertrains that directly affect fuel efficiency and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. This study analyses the impact of selected technical parameters of passenger vehicles powertrains – in particular, engind isplacement, number of cylinders, type of transmission and type of fuel – on fuel consumption in urban, highway and combined conditions, as well as on CO₂ emissions. The study used a set of operational data covering the design parameters of selected passenger vehicle models on the market. The statistical analysis allowed for the identification of significant relationships between the design of the drive system and its impact on the environment. The results of the study can make a significant contribution to the development of forecasting tools to support the design of new-generation engines, as well as support the decision-making process and improve the formulation of strategies for the sustainable development of low-emission transport technologies