Extra-cavity modulation of a second-order soliton in anomalous dispersion regime

In this manuscript, we conduct a study on the extra-cavity modulation of a second-order soliton at 1550 nm wavelength, which is located in the anomalous dispersion regime. By varying several different parameters at common locations and respective branch locations, the modulated second-order soliton’s orthogonal components demonstrate their own variation trends, either for temporal pulse shapes or corresponding optical spectra. Our simulation results effectively probe the modulation of higher-order solitons in extra-cavity optical fiber-based physical systems, and provide beneficial reference values for investigating higher-order soliton dynamics in nonlinear optical fiber systems.