The strengthening critical thinking literacy: Through mentoring system non-formal education in Indonesia

The mentoring methods used by mentors in non-formal institutions can strengthen critical thinking in learners. Using a qualitative approach incorporating observation, interviews, and document analysis, this study examines how mentoring methods enhance students’ critical thinking skills. The qualitative research determines the mentoring system by mentors, strengthening crucial thinking by collecting relevant information, compiling logical analysis, and emphasizing data quality through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Mentoring by Moderator Iman (Modim), a term used by mentors, is a solution in non-formal communities established from 2003 to 2025 (22 years). It utilizes mentoring as a tool for strengthening critical thinking among learners. The research examines methods employed by Modim’s mentoring system to enhance learners’ critical thinking culture through a five-method approach. Modim serves as an egalitarian person, motivator, companion, and appreciator who acts with empathy.