Assessment of sampling variation applets during development

Concepts relating to sampling variation are known to be difficult for learners in introductory classes. There is some evidence that web‐based visualization tools, or “applets,” may aid the learning of these challenging ideas. Four freely available applets developed at the authors' institution were extensively tested through sessions involving 42 undergraduate students. Details are given on how students interacted with each applet, the student feedback, and insights into learning following exploration of each applet via a structured activity.