Calculation method of passive earth pressure for translating retaining walls

: The magnitude of earth pressure is closely related to the deformation state of retaining walls. To describe the progressive shear failure characteristics of soil behind the wall under passive conditions, a novel analytical method for calculating passive earth pressure considering wall deformation is proposed. Based on Coulomb earth pressure theory and the hyperbolic mechanical model, the concepts of point deformation failure rate and area (length) deformation failure rate are introduced to quantify the stress states along the rupture surface. A static equilibrium model of a wedge body is established