Sex disparities in STEMI pathophysiology: Presentation, treatments, and outcomes

Despite the declining rates of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and improvements in care standards, significant disparities between sexes persist among patients diagnosed with STEMI. This review summarizes recent and relevant literature that highlights the differences between men and women concerning STEMI pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment protocols, diagnostic challenges, and outcomes. Many of these disparities interact, resulting in poorer outcomes for female patients with STEMI. However, there is hope through the adoption of evidence-based treatment plans.