Improved functional properties of unique and novel PVDF/Ppy/ZnO (PPZ) polymer nanocomposites

This study investigates the functional properties of unique and novel PVDF/Ppy/ZnO (PPZ) polymer nanocomposites. Unlike conventional polymer composites, this work introduces a strategically optimized synthesis approach to achieve superior dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles and polypyrrole (Ppy) within the PVDF matrix, enhancing functional properties. Structural analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of ZnO and Ppy, revealing enhanced crystallinity and phase interactions. Surface morphology studies indicated a well-distributed nanostructure with improved homogeneity, a critical factor for high-performance applications. Optical characterization demonstrated a significant modulation in absorption band edge (i.e. shift in the band edge from 370 to 460 nm) and bandgap energy (i.e. reduction in bandgap 3.05 to 2.88 eV), attributed to the synergistic effects of the composite constituents. The photoluminescence spectra show emission peaks at 460 nm and 500 nm, attributed to Ppy electronic transitions and defect-related ZnO emissions. Notably, electrical measurement revealed a remarkable improvement in conductivity (ac and dc both) and dielectric properties, surpassing similar reported materials. Dielectric constant was improved from 5 to 28 at 100 Hz, whereas the ac conductivity data were analyzed through the Jonscher Power hopping model where frequency exponent suggests the short-range hopping of charge carriers across the PPZ interface. On increasing the filler’s strength, rise in dc conductivity was observed from 0.005 to 0.03S.mm−1.These findings establish PPZ nanocomposites as promising candidates for next-generation flexible electronics and energy storage devices, offering a novel pathway to high-performance multifunctional materials.