Real-world monitoring strategies and predictors guiding the transition from active surveillance to treatment in ISUP 1 prostate cancer.

Purpose Active surveillance (AS) is the standard approach for managing ISUP 1 prostate cancer (PCa), ensuring oncologi- cal safety while minimizing overtreatment. However, AS protocols vary significantly. This study assessed a structured AS protocol incorporating PSA kinetics, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and targeted biopsies to identify predictors of treat - ment transition.