Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Immediate Preoperative Team Discussion in Enhancing Surgical Safety and Clinical Outcomes in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction

, 10–20-min small-group discussion conducted immediately prior to surgery. It consists of four sequential steps: (1) a review of the patient's history, including diagnosis, comorbidities, medications, and recent status changes; (2) an assessment of preoperative evaluations, including laboratory results, imaging, and relevant consultations; (3) formulation and confirmation of the surgical plan, including goals, alternatives, and task allocation; and (4) an evidence-based medicine (EBM) discussion addressing case-specific concerns, literature insights, and workflow clarification. The objective of the IPTD is to enhance team coordination and preparedness, with the aim of improving clinical outcomes, reducing intraoperative uncertainty, and increasing surgical safety and efficiency.