The influence of Copenhagen adduction exercise on the management of groin pain: A systematic review

Groin injuries are common in sports like soccer, and low eccentric hip adduction strength is a major risk factor. The Copenhagen Adduction Exercise (CAE) is a high-intensity exercise designed to strengthen the hip adductors and reduce injury risk. This systematic review examined the effects of CAE on groin pain management in male athletes and active individuals. A literature search across four databases identified ten randomized controlled trials with 1,099 participants. The CAE consistently improved eccentric hip adduction strength, hip range of motion, dynamic balance, and reduced groin-related symptoms. Its effectiveness depends on adequate training volume and progressive overload, with higher volumes yielding better outcomes. Despite some variability among studies, the overall evidence supports CAE as a preventive and rehabilitative tool. It is simple, field-friendly, and suitable for inclusion in warm-up routines or strength programs. Coaches and clinicians are encouraged to apply individualized, progressive protocols, particularly in team sports like soccer and hockey.