Integrating circular economy and frugal innovation for social inclusion: a multi-case study

This study aims to propose a new framework that integrates circular economy (CE) strategies into frugal innovation (FI) to enhance social inclusion, particularly in underdeveloped markets, by demonstrating the potential for sustainable and socially equitable solutions across the product lifecycle. The research uses a qualitative approach, using multiple case studies supported by semi-structured interviews and secondary data, to investigate how the integration of CE principles within FI can promote social inclusion. The findings show that combining CE and FI strategies can generate 27 social impacts, including job creation, improved living conditions and equitable access to affordable products, particularly benefiting low-income populations. The study’s scope is limited to a specific set of case studies within the Brazilian context, and further research is necessary to test the framework’s applicability across diverse economic and geographic settings. The research offers practical insights for businesses and policymakers aiming to develop socially inclusive and resource-efficient products, especially for markets at the base of the pyramid. The study emphasises the importance of affordable, accessible products in promoting social inclusion, reducing inequalities and fostering sustainable development in economically disadvantaged communities. This study contributes a novel theoretical framework that addresses the gap in literature concerning the integration of FI and CE strategies, highlighting their combined potential to foster social inclusion.