Cumulative adverse childhood experiences and parent-reported allergic conditions and asthma among U.S. children: A nationally representative study.

= 4.71; 95% CI [2.24, 9.91]), compared to those with no ACEs. In item-level analyses, caregiver mental illness and experiences of racial discrimination showed the strongest associations with allergic outcomes. These findings highlight early-life adversity as an important social determinant of allergic disease and the need for early identification and prevention strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).