Nanotechnology Revolutionizing Heat Transfer: A Review of Nanofluid Research and Applications

Nanofluids are a mixture of nanosized particles dispersed in a fluid that has gathered significant interest due to their ability to enhance thermal conduction and heat transfer processes. This comprehensive review delves into formulation methodologies, thermal and physical characteristics, and the applications of nanosuspensions in heat transfer. Various techniques are used to prepare heat transfer nanofluids with uniform dispersion and stable suspension. Common methods include mechanical stirring, sonication, chemical synthesis