Innovative potential of 3D technologies in crime investigation

The relevance of this study is conditioned by the need for constant updating of the specialised knowledge of criminalists and introduction of the latest technologies into the crime investigation. The purpose of this study was to critically examine the best practices of using 3D technologies in crime investigation. Through a systematic review of scientific studies that present various methods of using 3D technologies in crime investigation, it was proved that the scientific discourse is experiencing a revival of the discussion on the use of 3D technologies. Researchers note a series of benefits from the use of such technologies: 3D scanners allow creating a digital model of a crime scene; 3D reconstructions allow determining the sequence of actions, establishing cause and effect relationships, and restoring the original appearance of damaged objects; 3D printed models clearly demonstrate certain features of objects. The analysis of the available literature on the subject helped to systematise the use of 3D technologies in crime investigation and to identify three key areas of application of 3D technologies in the practice of crime investigation: (1) visualisation of the scene; (2) classification, identification, and diagnosis of objects; (3) reconstruction of objects or events. The speed, accuracy, safety, non-destructive impact, and many other criteria noted by researchers suggest that 3D innovations can become an indispensable auxiliary tool for criminalists, investigators, and prosecutors. At the same time, the findings of the analysed tests demonstrated certain limitations and problems that accompany the practice of using these innovations. As a result of the review of scientific literature, it was concluded that the transfer of 3D technologies in law enforcement is impossible without understanding the economic and social benefits of innovative investment. The study defined the content of these benefits, and the system of measures aimed at intensifying innovation processes in this area. The practical significance of this study is that its findings can be used by technical and forensic support units and pre-trial investigation bodies in developing the latest tactics for collecting evidence, recording, processing, and using information on criminal offences for the needs of criminal justice