Mechanistic Insights into the Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer by BuShenFang through Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Expression and Wnt/β-catenin Pathway Regulation

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, significant side effects persist, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). BuShenFang (BSF), a TCM formulation, is believed to exhibit anti-CRC effects, although its exact mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of BSF on CRC cells through the modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The study utilized HCT116 and SW620 CRC cell lines, employing in vitro experiments including cell viability assays, colony formation, flow cytometry, and Western blot to examine the influence of BSF on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Results demonstrated that BSF significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic rate was markedly increased in the 20% BSF group, while colony formation, migration, and invasion capabilities of CRC cells were notably suppressed. Furthermore, Western blot results revealed that BSF enhanced adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) expression and inhibited β-catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1, key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, BSF exerts anti-CRC effects by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapeutic agent in CRC treatment. Future studies should focus on in vivo models to validate these findings.