Ethical Considerations in Complications of Surgical Procedures.

Surgical procedures carry certain risks of complications, which need to be considered and discussed when any procedure is suggested to a patient. In this article, some ethical problems will be discussed concerning the communication of problems after they have occurred. Some clinical case studies will serve to clarify the need for having standards of ethical behavior, even in difficult situations. Further information will be given from experience gained from a medicolegal commission for malpractice complaints.