In Vitro Radiosensitizing Effects of Urtica Dioica Leaf Aqueous Extract on the Killing of U87MG Glioblastoma Cell Line

Background: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Despite advancements in radiotherapy, its effectiveness is limited due to challenges in delivering high doses without harming healthy tissues. Objective: The current study aimed to determine whether Urtica dioica extract could enhance the cytotoxic effects of radiation on U87MG glioma cells and explore the underlying mechanisms. Material and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted on the U87MG glioma cell line and investigated the effects of Urtica dioica extract (at various concentrations) and irradiation (2 Gy) on cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis. Results: Urtica dioica extract exhibited a concentration and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on U87MG cells. Notably, combining the extract with radiotherapy resulted in a significantly greater reduction in cell viability compared to either treatment alone. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the combination treatment induced G2/M phase arrest more effectively than either treatment alone. Additionally, Urtica dioica extract enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of radiation, indicated by a significant increase in the late apoptotic cell population. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the radiosensitizing properties of Urtica dioica extract in U87MG glioma cells. The extract promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, potentially leading to improved radiotherapy efficacy. These findings suggest Urtica dioica as a promising complementary therapy for GBM treatment.