Role of Fluconazole Nanoemulsion in Inhibiting Liver Candidiasis in Female Mice and their Embryos

The current study aims to reveal the role of fluconazole nanoemulsion (FLX-NE) in inhibiting the candidiasis infection in female mice and their embryos. In the current investigation, thirty-two normal female Mus musculus mice, eight pregnant mice per group, were utilized. The mice were between the ages of twelve and sixteen weeks and weighed an average of twenty to twenty-five grams. At random, the animals were divided into four groups as follows: Group control, Candida albicans infected group, FLX-NE treated group, and the treated ( C. albicans was administrated with a suspension and treated with FLX-nanoemulsion) group. The findings demonstrated (according to the HPLC) that the NE system preparation used glycerin oil as the oil phase, ethanol as the co-surfactant, tween 80 as the surfactant to prepare the optimum FLX-NE. Infecting the tested animals with C. albicans led to some histological changes in the liver, including degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, some morphological abnormalities were found in the embryos which included a decrease in their number, short front limbs, and red spots on the skin. Nevertheless, after FLX-NE treatment, the liver tissues and embryos became semi-normal compared with the control group, where the central veins and hepatocytes appeared normal and decreased the levels of degenerative changes. The levels of CD163 in infected mice displayed significantly ( P ≤0.05) higher levels than untreated group. On the other hand, there was an improvement in CD163 levels in the treated group; however, a significant ( P ≤0.05) change was still observed when compared to the untreated group. In conclusion, the study showed that fluconazole nanoemulsion has a very strong effect against C. albicans infection.