Determinants of permanent contraceptive use among multiparous women in Indonesia: The role of education and other demographic factors

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Problem Considered</h3> Increased education for women, in line with their increased independence in making decisions for their good. The study analyzed the role of education and demographic factors in permanent contraceptive use among multiparous women in Indonesia. <h3>Methods</h3> This cross-sectional study examined 33,471 respondents. We used permanent contraceptives as an outcome variable and education level as an exposure variable. The study also uses nine control variables (residence, age, partner, employment, wealth, family planning (FP) information exposure from the radio, television, and the internet, and the number of living children). The study used binary logistic regression to assess the association between education level and the use of permanent contraceptives, adjusting for relevant control variables. <h3>Results</h3> The results showed that the average permanent contraceptive use among multiparous women in Indonesia is 78.7%. Primary education was 1.747 times more likely than no formal education to use permanent contraceptives (AOR 1.747; 95% CI 1.458-2.092). Meanwhile, secondary education was 3.295 times more likely to use permanent contraceptives than no formal education (AOR 3.295; 95% CI 2.720-3.991). Moreover, higher education was 5.360 times more likely than no formal education to utilize permanent contraceptives (AOR 5.360; 95% CI 4.227-6.796). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The study concluded that education level was associated with permanent contraceptive use among multiparous women in Indonesia. The higher the education level, the higher the possibility of using permanent contraceptives. Moreover, the study also found all control variables associated with permanent contraceptive use among multiparous women in Indonesia.