Changing parasite landscapes in captive primates: methodological advances and findings from the Wrocław Zoo.

Long-term parasitological studies of non-human primates (NHPs) kept in zoological gardens offer valuable insights into host–parasite relationships in controlled settings. Despite regular veterinary supervision and preventative measures, many surveys have shown that captive primates often harbour diverse intestinal parasites, including species of zoonotic importance. This work summarises the historical and current parasitological research conducted on primates at Wrocław Zoological Garden, Poland, and highlights changes in diagnostic techniques, parasite diversity, and infection patterns over time. Early studies, employing classical coproscopic