To Study the Effect of Mini Gastric Bypass in Obese Individuals in Reducing Weight and Lowering Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure

Background Obesity is a critical global health challenge and is associated with numerous complications, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases. The mini gastric bypass (GB) procedure presents an increasingly popular option for weight loss surgery as an alternative to more traditional GB procedures. This study will look at how effective MGB surgery is to reduce weight, improve blood glucose control, and reduce blood pressure in obese patients at 12 months. Methods A longitudinal cohort study was performed with 50 participants with obesity (BMI ≥ 30), scheduled for MGB surgery. Subjects were evaluated at four time points: pre-operatively, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively. The main variables studied were weight (kg), blood glucose (mg/dL) blood pressure (mm Hg), systolic and diastolic. The descriptive analysis was performed for each variable, and normality was investigated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Paired t-tests, specifically with consideration of the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, or repeated measures ANOVA as appropriate, were conducted to define the significance of changes in health parameters over time. Results The median weight loss was 30 kg at 12 months after surgery. Glycemic control improved compared to the period preoperative, as indicated by a reduction in blood glucose from a mean of 158 mg/dL to a mean of 120 mg/dL in the 12th month. Systolic BP also decreased from 151 mmHg before surgery to 130 mmHg at 1 year. Moreover, after this period, diastolic blood pressure decreased from 93.6 mmHg to 77.2 mmHg. Each of the variables decreased in value over time, and changes were most substantial in the first 6 months after surgery. Conclusion The main indications for MGB operation are morbid obesity, uncontrolled blood glucose level, and uncontrolled blood pressure. These results indicate that the MGB could be a good treatment modality for patients with severe obesity and its comorbidities. However, larger research studies with long-term follow-ups are needed to validate these findings and examine the long-term sustainability of these advantages.