Event‐free survival and complete response rate as surrogate endpoints for overall survival in high‐risk non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A meta‐analysis of bacillus Calmette‐Guérin—naive or —remote cases

Event‐free survival (EFS) and complete response rate (CRR) are recommended as primary endpoints in bladder cancer trials to enable timely assessment of therapeutic benefit. However, their surrogacy relationship with overall survival (OS) in high‐risk non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (HR NMIBC) remains unclear. This meta‐analysis evaluated EFS and CRR as surrogate endpoints for OS in bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG)–naive or –remote HR NMIBC.