Enhancing Security in Wireless Sensor Networks through Curve Guard Multifactor Authentication Protocol

WSNs are well-known for their rapid data transmission capabilities, which necessitate the use of a decentralised authentication authority to provide secure and transparent data migration among nodes on a global scale within the network. Considering that WSNs are vulnerable to network assaults, strong security protocols are essential. This research proposes the CurveGuard Multifactor Authentication Protocol (CGMFAP) to enhance security in WSNs by addressing the limitations of sensors’ resources, such as processing speed, storage capacity, and bandwidth. The protocol includes phases for user and sensor registration, login, password, biometric renewal, and revocation. An Enhanced Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (EECIES) is introduced, employing a redefined key matrix negotiation and matrix multiplication algorithm for secure communication. The protocol incorporates a hyper-chaotic Lorenz generator for added diffusion, strengthening protection against attacks. BAN logic analysis confirms the protocol’s security, showing that it effectively counters exhaustive search attacks while maintaining low computation and communication overhead. Results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves authentication efficiency and reduces the computational burden, making it a robust and reliable solution for secure WSN operations.