Neurophilosophy as the Foundation of Neuroethics

The article substantiates the key role of neurophilosophy in the formation of the method­ological basis of neuroethics, the discipline responsible for the ethical assessment of neu­rotechnologies (implants, deep brain stimulation, neuromarketing). The author demonstrates that the neurophilosophical synthesis of neuroscience data with classical philosophical con­cepts creates the necessary framework for analyzing the challenges associated with brain in­tervention. It is shown that neurophilosophy, with the necessary epistemological skepticism, opens up opportunities for protecting human dignity: it prevents the reduction of conscious­ness to neurocorrelates, develops criteria for personality authenticity in neuromodulations, and also identifies fundamental limitations of neuroimaging. At the same time, the spread of neurotechnologies generates critical risks: the exploitation of neural vulnerabilities for commercial purposes, the loss of confidentiality of neural data and freedom of choice when influencing decision-making. Special attention is paid to the need for neurophilosophical re­flection to overcome key problems: ignoring subjective experience (qualia) in neurointerac­tions, manipulation of behavior through triggers of fear and shame, as well as incorrect in­terpretation of neuroscientific data. Without such a foundation, neuroethics is unable to ade­quately assess the ethical implications of technology, risking legitimizing practices that threaten human autonomy and identity.