Epigenetic Responsibility and Foreseeable Risk

Advances in epigenetics have given rise to speculation amongst ethical and political theorists about the moral obligations prospective parents and others may possess to protect the health of future generations – captured in the concept of ‘epigenetic responsibility’. The thought is that epigenetics may obligate individuals planning to procreate to manage numerous lifestyle factors that have been associated with epigenetic changes and subsequent poor health outcomes across generations. While there has now been much focus on whether prospective parents possess sufficient control over their lifestyle factors to rightfully be considered responsible for them, this debate has not yet addressed a more basic question: whether the risk of epigenetic influences on the health of future generations is sufficiently foreseeable to establish an attribution of responsibility. In this article, I argue that the complex causality of epigenetically‐mediated health outcomes – and in particular the dependence of such outcomes on future environments – undermines prospective parents' ability to foresee how their actions will impact the health of future generations. The limits on foreseeability inherent to epigenetics complicate the attribution of ‘epigenetic responsibility’ to prospective parents and effectively render the concept implausible.