Child anesthesia induction as perceived by children, parents and anesthesia staff - a synthesis and further abstraction of previous studies

ABSTRACT Purpose The aim was to describe and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon anesthesia induction of a child based on the perspectives of children, parents, and anesthesia staff. Methods A general structure was created based on a secondary synthesis of three empirical studies. The analysis was based on a reflective lifeworld research approach. Results The induction of anesthesia in children is a complex emotional and existential experience. Children face a loss of control and bodily autonomy, provoking significant anxiety, while parents have a dual role, navigating tension between protecting their child and compliance with the situation. Anesthesia staff must balance technical proficiency with emotional sensitivity, fostering trust and empathy. Communication plays a key role in modulating anxiety, and power dynamics influence interactions: children may resist, parents negotiate advocacy and compliance, and staff rely on parental cooperation to manage emotional and procedural challenges. Conclusions Trust is a fundamental element in the child’s anesthesia experience, enabling courage, security, and cooperation among children, parents, and anesthesia staff. Built through empathetic and consistent interactions, trust fosters collaboration and confidence in care. From a phenomenological perspective, anesthesia induction emerges as a deeply human encounter grounded in vulnerability, relationality, and the need for holistic, compassionate pediatric care.