Preparing to leave home: the post-fledging natal prospecting movements of a threatened apex predator

ABSTRACT Dispersal is a critical yet challenging life-history stage for wildlife, with successful dispersal essential for gene flow, population connectivity, and mitigation of local extinctions. However, the behavioural transition from natal dependency to independence – a key preparatory stage known as natal prospecting – is poorly known. These knowledge gaps are especially pronounced in large, elusive, and nocturnal species, such as Powerful Owls (Ninox strenua). Here, we utilise GPS tracking data collected across 48 nights to investigate the fine-scale spatial and movement behaviours during a juvenile Powerful Owl’s post-fledgling period, characterising natal prospecting in Victoria, Australia, providing novel insights into a rarely observed ecological process. The juvenile exhibited clear temporal changes in movement behaviour during the post-fledgling phase. Over time, movements became increasingly exploratory, with the individual travelling longer distances and exhibiting reduced spatial overlap between successive nights. Our findings suggest a progressive expansion of the juvenile’s familiarity with the landscape via exploratory forays, potentially in preparation for dispersal. These behaviours likely facilitate assessment of habitat suitability and inform the selection of transient dispersal routes. As such, maintaining and restoring forested habitat and ecological corridors is critical to supporting these essential preparatory movements. This study highlights the value of GPS telemetry in understanding natal prospecting behaviours in a threatened apex predator. Expanded investigation across diverse landscape contexts will be essential for informing evidence-based habitat management and conservation planning.