The correlation between spatial vitality and multi-alienation in the exterior spaces of large-scale public buildings: A case study of three sites in Shanghai

In an era of pervasive alienation, examining spatial alienation and its potential positive roles has become essential for understanding the evolution of human settlements and the built urban environment. This study focuses on the exterior spaces of large-scale public buildings in Shanghai and designs an empirical investigation based on the presumed correlation between spatial vitality and multi-alienation . The findings demonstrate that vibrant exterior spaces are inherently multi-alienated environments. Human behavior and perception show a high degree of consistency in this regard, suggesting that the core of spatial vitality lies in dynamic occupation grounded in publicness.