Transitions in frailty states and associated factors: a multistate analysis of the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging population-based cohort

Highlights • 1931 frailty transitions observed during ∼9 years in a population-based cohort ≥65.• Multistate modelling to predict transitions and related factors at different time intervals.• Ample chance of frailty remission/improvement for both sexes (∼20 % at 3-year).• Women have a higher probability of frailty worsening (and resilience) while men of death.• Socio-psychological factors play a determinant role in the development of frailty.