Biochemical influence of host plants on the biology of babul whitefly, Acaudaleyrodes rachipora

Aim: This study aimed to examine the nutritional impact, changes in the photosynthetic pigments, and biochemical alterations in Khejri (Prosopis cineraria), Guggal (Commiphora wightii), and Sisham (Dalbergia sissoo) plants infested by the babul whitefly (Acaudaleyrodes rachipora).

Methodology: Under controlled conditions, whitefly infestations were established on three host plants. The developmental parameters of A. rachipora (incubation period, nymphal duration, and total development time) were recorded. Biochemical assessments included quantification of proteins, sugars, starch, phenols, tannins, total antioxidants, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) in both infested and non-infested plants. Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between plant biochemicals and whitefly development.

Results: The longest developmental period (38.57 days) of whiteflies was observed on P. cineraria and the shortest (28.14 days) on C. wightii. Infestation increased protein (1.52 to 2.03 mg g-1) and starch (2.73 to 5.03 mg g-1) in D. sissoo. Photosynthetic pigments declined; chlorophyll a in C. wightii reduced from 6.12 to 2.01 mg g-1. Phenol and tannin levels increased significantly following infestation, indicating the activation of induced biochemical defense responses.

Interpretation: Whitefly infestation alters host biochemistry, enhancing nutritional content while reducing photosynthetic pigments. Sugars and starch favored pest development whereas phenols and tannins acted as defensive compounds, influencing host suitability.

Key words: Acaudaleyrodes rachipora, Developmental biology, Host plant biochemistry, Photosynthetic pigments, Phenolic compounds