Bioinspired and stimuli-responsive nanocomposites for targeted therapy in ovarian and endometrial tumors

Ovarian and endometrial cancers pose significant therapeutic challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and resistance to traditional therapies. Recent progress in the development of multiscale, bioinspired, and stimuli-responsive nanocomposites presents promising avenues for targeted therapy. These nanocomposites, engineered across a range from micrometers to nanometers, utilize hierarchical structures to enhance drug delivery, reduce systemic toxicity, and improve therapeutic efficacy. Through the integration of nanoparticles, hydrogels, and polymeric nanocarriers, these materials can react to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, and magnetic fields, enabling precise and controlled release of therapeutic agents. This review examines the design principles of these sophisticated composites, concentrating on their capacity to replicate the tumor microenvironment and enhance targeting specificity in ovarian and endometrial cancers. Furthermore, it highlights current clinical obstacles, safety considerations, and the considerable potential of these materials in personalized gynecologic oncology, underscoring their efficacy at both macroscopic and nanoscopic levels.