Scientific Production and Real-World Applications of Data Science in Ecuador: A Bibliometric Perspective (1985–2023)

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of data science research in Ecuador from 1985 to 2023, aiming to trace its academic development and highlight real-world applications. Rather than evaluating the direct integration of data science into national infrastructure, the study focuses on how the Ecuadorian scientific community has contributed to this field’s evolution. The analysis is divided into two stages: moderate growth (1985–2015) and exponential expansion (2016–2023), with a strong correlation between scientific output and legislative reforms such as the Organic Law of Higher Education and the Prometheus Project. Additionally, selected case studies illustrate how data science has been applied in healthcare, education, and business through technologies such as IBM Watson, Microsoft Azure, and machine learning models. This dual approach – bibliometric and applicative – sheds light on Ecuador’s trajectory in scientific production and technological adoption, offering insight into the nation’s research landscape and future innovation potential.