Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in France: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic protozoan parasite with significant public health implications. While extensively studied globally, data on T. gondii seroprevalence in pet rabbits in France remains lacking, compromising the establishment and implementation of preventive measures.

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in pet rabbits in France and identify associated risk factors.

METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on pet rabbits presented to veterinary clinic in France, between May 2024 and May 2025. Blood samples were collected from the saphenous vein and sera were analyzed using serological assays for T. gondii antibodies. Data on animal characteristics and potential risk factors were collected via standardized questionnaire.

RESULTS A total of 131 pet rabbits were included in the study. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 16.8% (22/131; 95% CI: 10.9-24.4%). Rabbits living in households with cats showed significantly higher seropositivity rates (31.5%, 17/54) compared to those without cat exposure (6.5%, 5/77) (p < 0.001). Geographic location significantly influenced infection rates, with peri-urban areas showing higher seroprevalence (24.0%, 19/79) compared to urban areas (5.8%, 3/52) (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS This pilot study provides the first data on T. gondii seroprevalence in French pet rabbits. The substantial prevalence rate and identified risk factors highlight the need for enhanced preventive measures in high-risk populations.