Data Sharing Mechanism among Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure Stakeholders: Based on the Data Value Chain Perspective

In the context of digital economy, intelligent transportation infrastructure (ITI) as an important node of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) is of great significance in accelerating the high-quality construction of smart cities. However, due to the privacy concerns of all stakeholders, it is difficult to balance the benefits and risks associated with the flow of data resources. Previous research has not provided a clear solution to the data sharing dilemma of ITI. Thus, based on the data value chain theory, this paper constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model involving the users, the owners, and the governments. Subsequently, the evolutionarily stable strategies and corresponding conditions of each participant were examined, and the critical factors on stakeholder decision-making were discussed using numerical simulation analysis. The results show that (1) building a harmonious and unified data-sharing environment is the consensus of all stakeholders, without interference from the initial strategy; (2) the changes in benefits and the learning costs have a more significant impact on user decisions than the loss changes; (3) on the contrary, the owners are more sensitive to the additional costs of facilitating data sharing than to the value it brought; (4) for governments, imposing penalties is a more effective way to promote data security than offering subsidies. This paper can not only promote the relevant research of ITI, but also provide an important reference for governments to promote data sharing and the development of digital economy.