A rare case report of sinonasal mucosal melanoma in the maxillary sinus

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is an aggressive subtype of melanoma that represents <5 % of head and neck melanomas and constitutes less than 1 % of systemic melanoma cases. A 54-year-old female presented with a 5-month history of unilateral recurrent epistaxis, anosmia, and nasal obstruction. Nasal endoscopy showed a bleeding fleshy lesion occupying the right nasal cavity, extending to the nasal floor and nasal septum. Pathological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings confirmed the diagnosis of SNMM. SNMM in the head and neck region can manifest with nonspecific symptoms. The diagnosis often requires a combination of clinical, pathological, and IHC studies.