Integration of Micromobility Into Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems: Challenges and Emerging Technologies

Low-speed vehicles such as bicycles and e-scooters mark a potential shift in modern transportation, distancing themselves from traditional modes by offering several advantages. The appeal of micromobility lies in its efficiency, flexibility, and eco-friendliness. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of micromobility, with a focus on its seamless integration into Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) through the adoption of advanced technologies and emerging processes. This study emphasizes the critical role of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) applications. It highlights their significance in facilitating real-time communication through Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) message exchanges and efficient traffic management. This is ensured by communication modes such as ITS-G5, based on the IEEE 802.11p, a predefined standard of vehicular communication, and mobile networks, enabling seamless connectivity and data exchange. Furthermore, this paper discusses the integration of advanced technologies, such as geofencing and geolocation, to enhance the management and supervision of micromobility vehicles. Finally, in such an environment, considering energy consumption is essential to ensure efficient and sustainable operation of the system. Addressing these challenges is crucial for fully integrating micromobility into C-ITS. The scope of this work includes a multidisciplinary exploration of technologies addressing various aspects of micromobility, providing a holistic perspective.