Apartheid, antyfaszyzm i misja cywilizacyjna. Dyskurs antyapartheidowski w Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej w latach pięćdziesiątych i sześćdziesiątych XX wieku

In the Polish People’s Republic, antiapartheid discourse emerged after the Second World War and grew to considerable proportions. Over a period of forty years, more than twenty books and dozens of articles were published, and a number of novels and nonfiction, journalism and history books were translated. In this article, I analyse a section of the Polish antiapartheid discourse by pointing out several dominant organising patterns. Their first group consists in the depiction of apartheid as close to ‘Hitlerism’, irrational, backward, isolationist, imperialist, while the second group consists in the depiction of Black South Africans as identical to nonWhite inhabitants of the entire continent as well as ‘civilisationally younger’. I discuss both groups using the concept of antifascism. Framing antiapartheid discourse as a component of a broader cultural formation operating in the postwar period in the Eastern Bloc, as well as in Western countries and globally, allows to explain the configuration of concepts, images and positions taken by discourse actors.