Introduced marine and estuarine mollusks of North America: an end-of-the-20th-century perspective

A review of the introduced marine and estuarine bivalves and prosobranch and pulmonate gastropods of the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific coasts of North America reveals an established fauna of 36 non-indigenous species, with regional patterns linked to a combination of human-mediated dispersal mechanisms and regional geological-biological Pleistocene history.