Stimulation of the human motor cortex through the scalp

Historical introduction. Physiology of electrical stimulation of the exposed motor cortex in primates. Transcranial electrical and magnetical stimulation. The effects of multiple descending volleys on the characteristics of surface EMG responses in hand muscles to magnetic and electrical cortical stimulation (CS). Somatotopy. Calculation of central motor conductaion time. Recruitment order of motoneurones. Inhibitory effects from motor CS. Effects of inputs to sensorimotor cortex on the size of muscle responses evoked by CS. Interruption of brain activity by CS. Application to studies of the motor system in man.