Dynamic flight stability of hovering insects

The equations of motion of an insect with flapping wings are derived and then simplified to that of a flying body using the “rigid body” assumption and the primary findings are that for insects considered in the present study and those with relatively high wingbeat frequency (hoverfly, drone fly and bumblebee), the ‘rigidBody’ assumption is reasonable and for those with comparatively low wing beat frequency (cranefly and howkmoth), the applicability of the