Errata: Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Updated Scientific Recommendations for Residual Hearing Effects

sources, exposure criteria are given in frequencyweighted sound exposure level (SEL, given in This article evaluates Southall et al. (2007) in light units relative to 1 μPa-s or (20 μPa)-s for water of subsequent scientific findings and proposes and air, respectively). Dual exposure metrics are revised noise exposure criteria to predict the onset provided for impulsive noise criteria, including of auditory effects in marine mammals. Estimated frequency-weighted SEL and unweighted peak audiograms, weighting functions, and underwater sound pressure level (SPL, given in units relative noise exposure criteria for temporary and permato 1 μPa or 20 μPa for water and air, respectively). nent auditory effects of noise are presented for six Exposures exceeding the specified respective crispecies groupings, including all marine mammal teria level for any exposure metric are interpreted species. In-air criteria are also provided for as resulting in predicted temporary threshold shift amphibious species. Earlier marine mammal hear(TTS) or permanent threshold shift (PTS) onset. ing groupings were reviewed and modified based Scientific findings in the last decade provide subon phylogenetic relationships and a comprehensive stantial new insight but also underscore remaining review of studies on hearing, auditory anatomy, and challenges in deriving simple, broadly applicable sound production. Auditory weighting functions quantitative exposure criteria for such diverse taxa. are derived for each group; those proposed here These criteria should be considered with regard to are less flattened and closer to audiograms than the relevant caveats, recommended research, and with Southall et al. M-weightings. As in Southall et al., the expectation of subsequent revision. noise sources are categorized as either impulsive or non-impulsive, and criteria use multiple expo