Catalytic Methods for Imine Synthesis

This Focus Review describes different methods that have been reported for the synthesis of imines. It is organized according to the methods used for imine synthesis starting with metal catalysis, including Ru, Au, V, Cu, Mn, Co and Pd catalysis. Other methods, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, organocatalysis, and so on, are also emphasized. Ample information on the condensation of carbonyl compounds/alcohols with amines and direct oxidation of amines to give imines is discussed. Furthermore, among various metal-catalyzed reactions, specific attention has been paid to copper-catalyzed imine synthesis, as copper is less toxic than other heavy metals, comparatively inexpensive, and is easily accessible.