Comparison of the effects of cryotherapy and placebo on reducing the pain of arteriovenous fistula cannulation among hemodialysis patients: A randomized control trial

Cryotherapy, as a non-pharmacological and complementary approach, could be effective in the prevention of the pain associated with AVF cannulation and it is recommended that nurses apply this method before AVf cannulation in order to alleviate pain intensity in hemodialysis patients.